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In 427 B.C., the Ancient Greek city-state of Athens was flourishing. Approximately 80 years earlier, the Athenians had formed the first self-representative democracy in history, the Peloponnesian War against Sparta had only just started, and Socrates was only beginning to lay the foundation of what would become Western philosophy.   None of Socrates’ works survived antiquity, so most of what is known about him came from the writings of his followers, most notably Plato. What is known about Socrates is that he seemed to make a career out of philosophy, and Plato was intent on following in his footsteps. Yet for all of the influence of Socrates’ life on his followers, it was Socrates’ death around 399 B.C. that truly shaped them. Plato was so embittered by Socrates’ trial in Athens that he completely soured on Athenian democracy, and Aristotle would later criticize politicians who relied on rhetoric; when Aristotle’s own life was threatened, he fled Greece and allegedly remarked, “I will not allow the Athenians to sin twice against philosophy."  About a decade after Socrates’ death, Plato returned to Athens and founded his famous Platonic Academy around 387 B.C., which he oversaw for 40 years until his death. One of Plato’s philosophical beliefs was that writing down teachings was less valuable than passing them down orally, and several of Plato’s writings are responses to previous writings of his, so Plato’s personally held beliefs are hard to discern. However, Plato educated several subsequent philosophers, chief among them Aristotle, and his writings eventually formed the backbone of Western philosophy.  Alongside Socrates and Plato, Aristotle is, without question, one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers and arguably the greatest icon of ancient thought. His life and work expanded rapidly and extensively across the ancient world, helped in part by the fact he tutored Alexander the Great, he was a recognized and celebrated intellectual force during all of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Furthermore, after Aristotle, Greek thought and political influence began a rapid decline, and the cultivation of knowledge, so important during the classic period, slowly but surely began to fade, making Aristotle the last of ancient Greece’s great philosophers.   Aristotle’s influence on Western philosophical thought is marked by an extensive list of crucial issues that both signaled the way forward but at the same time boggled philosophers’ minds throughout the centuries. Aristotle’s reflections on Being, as well as his rigorous Logic, were his most important philosophical legacy, but he was also an intellectual in the broadest sense of the word. His interests went beyond metaphysical questions and into practical life and practical knowledge, from ethics to politics, rhetoric and the sciences, all of which left a profound impact on Western political thought and ethics. Naturally, this has also made him one of the foundations of knowledge and philosophical thought that subsequent philosophers relied on when forming and refining their own philosophies. African Philosophy History of Internet Encyclopedia of ... History of African Philosophy. This article traces the history of systematic African philosophy from the early 1920s to 2014. In Platos Theaetetus Socrates ... Philosophy - Wikipedia Philosophy (from Greek philosophia literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as ... College of Letters Arts and Social Sciences The College of Letters Arts and Social Sciences (CLASS) is the largest and most diverse college at the University of Idaho. With nearly 3800 students in 11 ... Lecture 8: Greek Thought: Socrates Plato and Aristotle Lecture 8 Greek Thought: Socrates Plato and Aristotle: The political and social upheaval caused by the Persian Wars as well as continued strife between Athens and ... PHILOSOPHY - World history Aristotle. Cyrenaics. Diogenes. Epictetus. Hippias. Hume. Kant. Kierkergaard. Plato. Protagoras. Pythagoras. Sartre. Socrates. Stilpo: PHILOSOPHY. Edited By; Robert ... History of Western Philosophy - Journey in Being 2 GREEK PHILOSOPHY 2.1 RELIGIOUS ORIGINS OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY. Two aspects of Greek religion are selected for their significance: Philosophy Define Philosophy at Dictionary.com Philosophy definition the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being knowledge or conduct. See more. Metaphilosophy Contemporary Internet Encyclopedia of ... Contemporary Metaphilosophy. What is philosophy? What is philosophy for? How should philosophy be done? These are metaphilosophical questions metaphilosophy being ... Critical theory - Wikipedia Critical theory (German: kritische Theorie) was first defined by Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School of sociology in his 1937 essay Traditional and Critical Theory ... Philosophy of History (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) 1. History and its representation. What are the intellectual tasks that define the historian's work? In a sense this question is best answered on the basis of a ...
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